Application Finder
- AN-S-395Forensic examination analysis with IC
Forensic institutes examine terrorist attacks and warfare agents via trace detection analysis of the used explosives and their residuals. Of particular importance is the acquisition of «chemical fingerprints» for criminal investigation departments and governmental security agencies. Institutes for public health and environmental protection analyze such compounds that can contaminate the underlying soil and infiltrate ground water.Forensic investigation with ion chromatography (IC) using suppressed conductivity detection allows a sensitive and robust determination of anionic contaminants such as chlorate, thiosulfate, thiocyanate, and perchlorate next to the common inorganic anions over a broad concentration range.
- AN-S-396Assessing wine quality with IC
Monitoring the range of organic acids in wine is crucial to improve flavor and quality, and to fulfill universal standardized criteria such as the International Code of Oenological Practices. Analytically, organic acids can be properly determined with ion chromatography (IC) and suppressed conductivity detection. As a multicomponent method, inorganic acids can also be resolved which are also valuable tracers for wine quality and taste. This Application Note presents two IC methods for wine quality analysis: a fast isocratic screening method of major organic acids and anions including sulfite, and a complex monitoring method with a binary gradient to separate 15 organic acids. Inline Ultrafiltration was used for economical sample treatment.
- AN-S-397IC assay for sodium chloride in sodium chloride tablets for solution
As an alternative to titration, ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection has been approved by USP as validated method to quantify chloride content in NaCl tablets for solution or oral use.
- AN-S-398Phosphate in sodium and potassium phosphates compounded injections
An ion chromatography (IC) assay with suppressed conductivity detection is the standardized way to accurately quantify phosphate in phosphates compounded injections.
- AN-S-399IC assay for fluoride in sodium fluoride and acidulated phosphate topical solution
Anticavity pharmaceuticals like sodium fluoride and acidulated phosphate topical solution products require strict quality control. This Application Note outlines the fluoride IC assay as described in the USP Monograph Sodium Fluoride and Acidulated Phosphate Topical Solution.
- AN-S-400Assay of nitrite in sodium nitrite
In severe cases of cyanide poisoning, sodium nitrite is used along with sodium thiosulfate for treatment. This Application Note describes the nitrite ion chromatography assay with the Metrosep A Supp 4 column and suppressed conductivity detection. This column equivalency study was in cooperation with the USP according to the USP General Chapter <621>.
- AN-S-401Nitrite in duloxetine hydrochloride API
Nitrosamine presence in medicines, even at trace level poses high safety risks to patients (carcinogenic). Nitrosamine formation can be avoided by controlling and monitoring the nitrite concentration in pharmaceutical products and substances. This Application Note describes the analysis of nitrite in duloxetine hydrochloride with ion chromatography (IC).
- AN-S-402Nitrite in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Nitrosamine formation can be avoided by controlling the nitrite concentration in pharmaceutical products and processes. To monitor nitrosamine formation, sensitive analytical methods such as ion chromatography for the determination of nitrite in pharmaceutical products and substances are essential.
- AN-S-403Anions in lithium-ion battery solvents
N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is crucial for lithium-ion battery production. Metrohm’s intelligent Preconcentration Technique with Matrix Elimination enables µg/L-level anion analysis in NMP.
- AN-S-404Water quality testing with EPA 300.1
The Metrosep A Supp 21 column and 948 Continuous IC Module, CEP enable efficient, automated single-run analysis of major anions and disinfection byproducts in water.
- AN-SC-001Supercapacitors: Principles and characterization using Autolab
Supercapacitors (also known as ultracapacitors, electrochemical capacitors, or double-layer capacitors) are electrochemical devices that have the ability to store and release charge and deliver high power densities over short periods of time. Their ability to store electrical energy efficiently and release electrical energy very quickly make them ideally suited for applications where short time backup power and peak power needs are critical.
- AN-SEC-001Spectroelectrochemistry: an autovalidated analytical technique
Spectroelectrochemical experiments not only provide outstanding qualitative information about samples, but also offer other quantitative data that can be considered when performing analyses. A single set of experiments allows analysts to obtain two calibration curves: one with the electrochemical data and another with the spectroscopic information. The concentration of tested samples is calculated by using both curves, confirming the obtained results by two different routes. In this Application Note, comparison between electrochemical and spectroscopic determinations demonstrates that the two methods measure uric acid (UA) indistinctively, with close agreement of the calculated values with empirical data.
- AN-SEC-002Gathering information from spectroelectrochemical experiments
In-situ spectroelectrochemistry provides dynamic electrochemical and spectroscopic information concurrently with the redox reaction occurring on the electrode surface. Although different spectroelectrochemical configurations can be used, simple equations explain how to relate electrochemistry and spectroscopy for each experimental setup. This Application Note describes how the quantification of one electrochemical parameter (the diffusion coefficient) is calculated from the spectroscopic data as a proof of this concept.
- AN-SEC-003UV-Vis spectroelectrochemical cell for conventional electrodes
The development of a novel reflection cell for conventional electrodes facilitates the performance of spectroelectrochemical measurements. This device allows researchers to work in aqueous solutions as well as in organic media due to its chemical resistance.
- AN-SEC-004Spectroelectrochemical analysis of electrochromic materials
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is one of the most promising ICPs due to its high conductivity, electrochemical stability, catalytic properties, high insolubility in almost all common solvents and interesting electrochromic properties (transparent in the doped state and colored in the neutral state). In this Application Note, PEDOT film is evaluated by spectroelectrochemical techniques.
- AN-T-003Salt content (NaCl) of canned food
Determination of chloride in canned vegetables by potentiometric titration with silver nitrate using the Ag-Titrode.
- AN-T-004Chloride in meat products
In order to maintain product quality, the sodium chloride content in meat products must be monitored, as the limit values defined by the respective public health authorities must not be exceeded. The chloride content in food correlates with the salt content, its determination is therefore described in various norms and standards. However, preparation of meat samples is time consuming, as it requires homogenization with a mixer and a chloride extraction with water.In order to reduce workload and working hours, this Application Note describes a fully automatic potentiometric titration of chloride with silver nitrate in meat products based on ISO 1841-2, including fully automated sample preparation using a Polytron homogenizer.
- AN-T-006Trace chloride in cement and clinker
Determination of trace chloride in cement and clinker by potentiometric titration with silver nitrate using the Ag-Titrode.
- AN-T-008Sulfate in brine
Determination of sulfate in brine by indirect potentiometric titration with EGTA using platinum and tungsten electrodes.
- AN-T-009Sulfate in cement
Determination of sulfate in cement by indirect potentiometric titration with EDTA using platinum and tungsten electrodes.
- AN-T-010Anionic surfactants in shower lotions and shampoos
Determination of anionic surfactants in shower lotions and shampoos by potentiometric titration with TEGO®trant A100 using the «Ionic Surfactant» electrode.
- AN-T-011Anionic surfactants in a nickel plating bath
Determination of anionic surfactants in a nickel plating bath by potentiometric titration with TEGO®trant A100 using the «Ionic Surfactant» electrode.
- AN-T-012Cationic surfactants in hair conditioner
Determination of cationic surfactants in hair conditioner by potentiometric titration with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate using the «Ionic Surfactant electrode.
- AN-T-013Cationic surfactant (cetrimide) in an antiseptic disinfectant
Determination of the cationic surfactant «cetrimide» in an antiseptic disinfectant by potentiometric titration with sodium dodecyl sulfate using the «Ionic Surfactant» electrode.
- AN-T-014Chlorhexidine in a wash lotion
Determination of chlorhexidine in wash lotion by potentiometric titration with sodium tetraphenylborate using the NIO surfactant electrode.
- AN-T-015Nonionic surfactants in liquid household cleaners
This application note shows a reliable way to determine the content of non-ionic surfactants in liquid cleaning solutions by potentiometric titration.
- AN-T-016Nonionic surfactants in compact washing powders
Determination of nonionic surfactants in compact washing powders by potentiometric titration with sodium tetraphenylborate using the NIO surfactant electrode.
- AN-T-017Determination of ampicillin content
Determination of ampicillin in raw and pure products through potentiometric titration with Hg(II) using the combined Au electrode. Keyword: Antibiotics
- AN-T-018Determination of total penicillin content
Determination of total penicillin content through potentiometric titration with Hg(II) using the combined Au electrode. Keyword: Antibiotics
- AN-T-019Cyanide and silver in a silver plating bath
Simultaneous determination of cyanide and silver in a silver plating bath by potentiometric titration with silver nitrate using the Ag-Titrode.
- AN-T-020Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in chromium baths
Determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in chromium baths by iodometric potentiometric titration with thiosulfate using the combined Pt electrode.
- AN-T-021Sn(II) and sulfuric acid in a tin plating bath
Determination of Sn(II) and sulfuric acid in an acidic tin plating bath by potentiometric titration.
- AN-T-022Cyanide in alkaline plating baths for cadmium, copper, lead or zinc
Determination of cyanide in alkaline plating baths by potentiometric titration with silver nitrate using the Ag-Titrode.
- AN-T-023Hydroxide and carbonate in alkaline plating baths for cadmium, copper, lead, or zinc
Determination of hydroxide and carbonate in alkaline plating baths by potentiometric titration with HCl using the combined glass electrode.
- AN-T-024Metal contents of alkaline plating baths for cadmium, copper, lead or zinc
Determination of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in alkaline plating baths by potentiometric titration with EDTA using the Cu-ISE.
- AN-T-025Hydrogen peroxide content in aqueous solutions
Peroxides are often used for disinfection and water treatment purposes due to their antiseptic properties. Lower concentrations between 0.3–3% are used in households, while higher concentrations can be used for sterilization purposes. Additionally, peroxides are utilized as oxidizing and bleaching agents. Peroxides, perborates, and percarbonates can easily be determined by titration. This application note presents two titration methods for peroxide analysis: ASTM D2180 for concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions, and a second method for trace determination of hydrogen peroxide, suitable for concentrations as low as 0.4 mg/L.
- AN-T-026Perborate, percarbonate, or persulfate in washing powder
Determination of perborate, percarbonate, or persulfate in washing powder by iodometric potentiometric titration using the Pt-Titrode.
- AN-T-027Alkalinity of amine-containing gas washing solutions
Determination of the alkalinity of gas washing solutions containing alkanolamines by potentiometric titration with sulfuric acid using the combined glass electrode.
- AN-T-028Hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in petroleum products
Simultaneous determination of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in petroleum products by potentiometric titration with silver nitrate using the Ag-Titrode.
- AN-T-029Alkyllead (anti-knock agent) in gasoline
Determination of alkyllead compounds in petrol (gasoline) after reaction with iodine monochloride by potentiometric titration with EDTA using the Cu-ISE.
- AN-T-031Na2O (free base) and SiO2 (silicate) in water glass
Determination of Na2O and SiO2 in water glass by potentiometric titration with HCl using the Sb electrode.
- AN-T-032Sulfide and hydrogen sulfide in water
This Application Note presents a potentiometric titration method for trace H2S analysis in water on an OMNIS system using silver nitrate and an Ag Titrode.
- AN-T-033Lidocaine in ointments
Determination of lidocaine in ointments by potentiometric titration with sodium tetraphenylborate using the NIO surfactant electrode.
- AN-T-034Hydrofluoric and nitric acid in etching baths
Determination of hydrofluoric and nitric acid in etching baths by potentiometric titration.a) Determination of the total acid content using the combined Sb electrode and NaOH as titrant.b) Determination of hydrofluoric acid using the F-ISE and the titrant La(NO3)3.The concentration of nitric acid is then determined by calculation.
- AN-T-035Tranexamic acid in injection solutions
Determination of tranexamic acid in injection solutions by nonaqueous potentiometric titration with perchloric acid using a glass electrode.
- AN-T-036Benzydamine hydrochloride in a disinfectant solution
Determination of benzydamine hydrochloride {1-benzyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)-propoxy]-1H-indazole hydrochloride} in disinfectant solution by potentiometric titration with sodium tetraphenylborate using the NIO surfactant electrode.
- AN-T-037Nitrogen content of nitrocellulose
Determination of the nitrogen content of nitrocellulose by potentiometric titration with Fe(II) using a combined Pt electrode.
- AN-T-038Iron content of iron powder
Determination of the iron content of iron powder by potentiometric titration with potassium dichromate using the Pt-Titrode.
- AN-T-039Free alkali in sodium hypochlorite
Determination of free alkali in sodium hypochlorite by potentiometric titration with hydrochloric acid using a combined glass electrode.
- AN-T-040Determination of phenylglycine content
Determination of phenylglycine through nonaqueous potentiometric titration with sodium methylate using a special combined glass electrode. Keyword: Antibiotics
