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After acid digestion, the sample solution is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to form sodium dihydrogen phosphate. An excess of lanthanum nitrate is added and the released nitric acid is then titrated with sodium hydroxide solution.NaH2PO4 + La(NO3)3 → LaPO4 + 2 HNO3 + NaNO3This determination method is suitable for higher phosphate concentrations.

This Bulletin describes the fully automated determination of uranium according to the method of Davies and Gray: Uranium(VI) is reduced in concentrated phosphoric acid solution with iron(II) to form Uranium(IV). With molybdenum as a catalyst, the excess iron(II) is oxidized with nitric acid. The nitrous acid that is formed is destroyed with sulfamic acid before uranium(IV) is titrated with a potassium dichromate solution in the presence of a vanadium catalyst.

Determination of calcium and magnesium in a dolomite sample using cation chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

The exploration and processing of lithium ores is gaining importance with the growing demand for lithium hydroxide. Lithium hydroxide is a key component in the manufacturing of rechargeable batteries for use in various applications including electric vehicles, home storage systems, power tools and consumer electronics. To ensure the efficiency for advanced processing of high purity lithium hydroxide, a fast and reliable quantitative detection technique is required. This application has been developed to monitor the lithium, sodium, and calcium content in the lithium processing samples and mineral concentrates.

Iron ore is an important resource for steel production. Its natural content of halogens is a quality characteristic due to the corrosiveness of the respective halogenides. Combustion IC applying the sacrificial vial technology is used for the analysis of fluorine and chlorine in ore. WO3 usually is added to improve the release of SO2 and therefore sulfur recovery. In this application, it also significantly improves the recovery of fluoride.

With the advent of electric automobiles, the demand for lithium batteries and with it the demand for lithium material will increase sharply. Brine lakes and hard silicate minerals are numbered among the most important sources of lithium. This Application Note addresses cation determination in seepage water from lithium minerals. Alkali and earth alkali metals are separated in the lithium digestions on the Metrosep C Supp 1 - 250/4.0 column, with subsequent conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Determination of boron in ores of the element such as borax and ulexite.

Potash is commonly mined from ore, deposited after ancient inland oceans evaporated. The potassium salt is then purified in evaporation ponds. At the end of this process, the potash is typically obtained as potassium chloride. Potash is mainly used as fertilizer, providing potassium—an essential nutrient—to plants. Additionally, it is used in the chemical industry and to produce medicine. Potassium content in potash is typically determined by flame photometry (F-AES) or ICP-OES. However, these techniques have high investment and running costs. By applying the historically used gravimetric precipitation reaction as a thermometric titration, it becomes possible to rapidly and inexpensively determine the potassium content in potash within minutes.

Gold leaching by cyanidation requires precise monitoring of cyanide and gold. Online process analyzers perform such measurements, improving safety and compliance.

This Process Application Note is dedicated to the online analysis of zinc, iron and sulfuric acid in several stages of the zinc production process. Additionally, traces of germanium, antimony, as well as several transition metals (e.g., Ni, Co, Cu, Cd) can be precisely determined (<50 µg/L) in the purification filtrates and reactor trains.